A Critique of Global Citizenship Education in International Schools
Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines

A Critique of Global Citizenship Education in International Schools

I’ve been trying to figure out how to do global citizenship education (GCED) and service-learning — and how to do it well — in two different international schools for about 13 years. Recently, I’ve had several conversations about these terms: global citizenship and service-learning. Some of those conversations have focused on the way in which the terms have been misunderstood, misrepresented and misapplied. Some have advocated for different terminology, such as “community engagement.” I get this; terms sometimes get so burdened with harmful implications that it’s better to throw them off and get rid of the baggage that people associate with them. Some have come to associate global citizenship with a privilege reserved for just an elite globalist class with the passports, resources and networks that allow them to exist aloof from state borders and national loyalties. Some have come to associate service-learning with a paternalistic, do-gooder, pitying approach to helping others. I can understand the inclination to reject terms that conjure up these types of associations. On the other hand, I’m not sure just throwing off the terminology will address some of the root issues with how these ideas are enacted in international schools.

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A “Yes, and…” Response to Ms. Hughes’ Article in The International Educator
Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines

A “Yes, and…” Response to Ms. Hughes’ Article in The International Educator

Socratic discussions are a key pedagogical tool in the Critical Global Citizenship course at the International School of Kigali (ISKR). Socratic discussions involve participants challenging each other with questions about an object of knowledge, such as a text; they also involve offering alternative arguments, or building upon arguments already presented. In class, we have to deliberately practice the types of interactions that foster productive Socratic discussions, which, in addition to questions, include responses such as: “I disagree, because,” “yes, but…,” or “yes, and…”.

All of that was preamble to set up the purpose of this post. Ms. Estelle Baroung Hughes, Secondary Principal at the International School of Dakar, recently (June 18, 2025) published a short article in The International Educator, which summarized an address she gave at a conference earlier this year. I encourage you to check out the article, which is titled Nurturing Passion for “Glocal” Citizenship. Like in an effective Socratic discussion, I would like to present a “yes, and…" response to Ms. Hughes.

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