The C3 Framework for Social Studies: Minimally Guided Instruction or Disciplined Inquiry?
This past week, I briefly engaged with post on LinkedIn from Drew Perkins, the president and director of Thought Stretchers Education, which offers professional development around project-based and inquiry learning. Perkins also hosts a podcast, which I listen to periodically. On the podcast, Perkins has often engaged the debate between advocates of inquiry-based learning and proponents of direct instruction. Perkins’ professional work has focused on inquiry-based learning, but I have appreciated his willingness to engage the other side, and take their points to heart. He has often pointed out that both sides have a tendency to create a straw man argument by painting their opponent in broad strokes. One side paints a picture where all forms of direct or explicit instruction are dry, teacher-monologue lectures with no student interaction; similarly, the other side portrays all forms of project-based, problem-based, or inquiry learning as unguided discovery learning. I have appreciated that Perkins has continually pointed out that there is a lot of daylight in the middle where great teaching and learning takes place. In his LinkedIn post this week, he was again pushing back on the straw man approach from one side, and advocating for more nuance.
The Teacher’s Job is to Explain— To “Make Plain”
I have made the claim before that a teacher is essentially an “explainer.” I’ve sometimes felt some resistance from others to that claim, and I think I know why. When I state that a teacher is an “explainer,” for some it conjurers up an image of a dry, boring lecture such as the case of the economics teacher (played by Ben Stein) in Ferris Bueller's Day Off (“anyone, anyone…”). This is not my idea of an “explainer,” so let me try to “explain” my claim below.
Coaching Track & Field as a Model of Differentiated Instruction
For a number of years while I was teaching at ICS in Ethiopia, I was the high school track & field coach. I loved coaching; the new track & field season was something I looked forward to each year. As a teacher, I knew that what I was doing as a track & field coach was a model of differentiation, but I struggled to then translate that into differentiated learning in my classroom. This past semester I took a course called "Differentiating Instruction." I felt a little validated when differentiation guru Carol Ann Tomlinson also made the connection between good coaching and differentiated classroom teaching.