A Critique of Global Citizenship Education in International Schools
Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines

A Critique of Global Citizenship Education in International Schools

I’ve been trying to figure out how to do global citizenship education (GCED) and service-learning — and how to do it well — in two different international schools for about 13 years. Recently, I’ve had several conversations about these terms: global citizenship and service-learning. Some of those conversations have focused on the way in which the terms have been misunderstood, misrepresented and misapplied. Some have advocated for different terminology, such as “community engagement.” I get this; terms sometimes get so burdened with harmful implications that it’s better to throw them off and get rid of the baggage that people associate with them. Some have come to associate global citizenship with a privilege reserved for just an elite globalist class with the passports, resources and networks that allow them to exist aloof from state borders and national loyalties. Some have come to associate service-learning with a paternalistic, do-gooder, pitying approach to helping others. I can understand the inclination to reject terms that conjure up these types of associations. On the other hand, I’m not sure just throwing off the terminology will address some of the root issues with how these ideas are enacted in international schools.

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A “Yes, and…” Response to Ms. Hughes’ Article in The International Educator
Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines

A “Yes, and…” Response to Ms. Hughes’ Article in The International Educator

Socratic discussions are a key pedagogical tool in the Critical Global Citizenship course at the International School of Kigali (ISKR). Socratic discussions involve participants challenging each other with questions about an object of knowledge, such as a text; they also involve offering alternative arguments, or building upon arguments already presented. In class, we have to deliberately practice the types of interactions that foster productive Socratic discussions, which, in addition to questions, include responses such as: “I disagree, because,” “yes, but…,” or “yes, and…”.

All of that was preamble to set up the purpose of this post. Ms. Estelle Baroung Hughes, Secondary Principal at the International School of Dakar, recently (June 18, 2025) published a short article in The International Educator, which summarized an address she gave at a conference earlier this year. I encourage you to check out the article, which is titled Nurturing Passion for “Glocal” Citizenship. Like in an effective Socratic discussion, I would like to present a “yes, and…" response to Ms. Hughes.

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Syllabus for a High School Critical Global Citizenship Education Course
Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines

Syllabus for a High School Critical Global Citizenship Education Course

During the first two years of my Ed.D. program, I focused much of my research on the concepts and practices of service-learning and global citizenship education. Arising from this research, I proposed a high school, one semester course, intended for seniors, at my school, the International School of Kigali. The course was rooted in the Global Citizenship standards put forth by UNESCO in alignment with UN SDG #4. I then proceeded to pilot the course with a small group of students during the 23-24 school-year. Then in the following school-year, we implemented as a required course for all seniors.

I plan to write a few different blog posts about my experience with this course. In this post, I’m just providing the syllabus so that readers can get an overview.

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A Model of Service-Learning in IB Business Management
Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines Global Citizenship Education Nathan Haines

A Model of Service-Learning in IB Business Management

In this post, I set out a potential model for service-learning from the subject area classroom side of the service learning relationship with CAS within the IB Diploma Program.  The model I present is specifically from the perspective of the IB Business Management course. As I touch on below, I also believe this model is about more than meeting an IBDP requirement; rather, I think it’s about improving teaching and learning more generally within the IB subject area classroom.

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